基本上字词(Basic Sentence Patterns):英文中变幻莫测的语句归根到底都是由下列六种基本上字词女团、扩充、变动得来的:1)主+ 动(SV)比如: I work.我组织工作。2)主+ 动+ 表(SVP)比如: John is busy.詹姆斯忙。3)主+ 动+ 宾(SVO)比如: She studies English.她学英文。4)主+ 动+ 宾+ 补(SVOC)比如: Time would prove me right.时间会断定我是对的。5)主+ 动+ 间宾+ 直宾(SVOiOd)比如: My mother made me a new dress.我父亲给我做了两件新衣衫。语句的类型(一)按采用目地可分成无限小数、问句、yaku和孙强。1)无限小数(Declarative Sentences):表明三个历史事实或申辩一种观点。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度慢。(表明历史事实) The film is rather boring.整部影片很无趣。(表明观点)2)问句(Interrogative Sentences):明确提出问题。有下列三种: a.一般问句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time?你能按期顺利完成组织工作吗? b.特定问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live?你住那里? How do you know that?你怎么知道小华? c.优先选择问句(Alternative Questions): Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要红酒? d.偏齿问句(Tag-Questions): He doesnt know her, does he?他不重新认识她,对不对?3)yaku(Imperative Sentences):明确提出允诺,提议或收到指示,比如: Sit down, please.请坐。 Dont be nervous!别紧张!4)孙强(Exclamatory Sentences):表示骂人人惊异、欢欣、愤慨等焦虑,比如: What good news it is!多好的最新消息啊!
(二)语句按其内部结构可以分成下列四类:1)磷脂酸(Simple Sentences):只包涵三个主谓内部结构语句叫磷脂酸,比如: She is fond of collecting stamps.她讨厌科小剑。(主)(谓)2)同列句(Compound Sentences):包涵三个或三个以内主谓内部结构的语句叫同列句,句与句间一般来说用同列片语或王劝来相连,比如: The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主)(谓)(主)(谓)食材很精致,但他却无所谓火气。3)相连词(Complex Sentences):包涵三个从句主语和三个或两个主语的语句叫相连词,主语由捷尔恩河片语鼓励,比如: The film had begun when we got to the cinema.从句主语他们抵达影片院的时候,影片已经剧终了。
1、S主+Vifame:We come 他们来;
2、S主+V系+P表:Class is over 下课了;
3、S主+Vt及物+O宾:She hates him 她恨他;
4、S主+Vt及物+IO间宾+DO直宾;
5、S主+Vt及物+O宾+OC宾补。
磷脂酸:只包涵三个主语(或同列主语)和三个谓语(或同列谓语)的语句,称作磷脂酸。
磷脂酸的基本上字词:磷脂酸有下列5种基本上字词。
1.基本上字词一:主+谓=S+Vi (主+fame动词)
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英文时态、语态变动的主角,一般在主语之后。fame动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓内部结构,
如: S(主)+ Vi(fame动词)(谓语)
The baby cried.婴儿哭了
We come.他们来
1)S + Vi +副词(状语) eg:Birds sing beautifully.
2)S + Vi +介词短语(状语)eg:He went on holiday.
3)S + Vi +不定式(状语) eg:We stopped to have a rest.
4)S + Vi +分词(状语) eg:Ill go swimming.
此字词的语句有三个共同特点:即语句的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语主语等。
2.基本上字词二:S+V系+P(主+系+表)
此字词的语句有三个共同的特点:语句谓语动词都不能表达三个完整的意思,必须加上三个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。表语也就是主语的补足语
This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
The dinner smells good.
He is growing tall and strong.
1)S + V +名词/代词 eg:He is a boy.
2)S + V +形容词 eg:She is beautiful.
3)S + V +副词 eg:Class is over.
4)S + V +介词短语 eg:He is in good health.
5)S + V+分词 eg:He is excited.
3.基本上字词三:S+Vt +O(主+及物+宾)
此字词语句的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有三个宾语,动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
eg:Who knows the answer?
He likes English.
1)S + Vt +名词/代词 eg:I like music. She hates him.
2)S + Vt +不定式 eg:I want to help him.
常用于这字词的动词有:decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want,等。
3)S + Vt +疑问词+不定式 eg:I dont know what to do.
常用于这字词的动词有:ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。
4)S + Vt +动名词 eg:I enjoy living here.
常用于这字词的动词有:advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。
5)S + Vt +宾语主语 eg:I dont think (that) he is right.
常用于这字词的动词有:hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。
4.基本上字词四:S+Vt + IO + DO (主+及物+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有三个宾语,这三个宾语一般来说三个指人(间接宾语);三个指物(直接宾语)。
eg: Shegavemea new book.
Hebroughtyou a dictionary.
1)S + Vt +间接宾语+直接宾语
eg:I sent him a book. Give me a cup of tea ,please.
2)S + Vt +直接宾语+ to/for +间接宾语
eg:He sent a book to me. Show this house to Mr. Smith
[表明]间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:bring, give, lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:buy, get, make 等。
5.基本上字词五:S+Vt +O+OC(主+及物+宾+宾补)
此字词的语句的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟三个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上三个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出表明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。
1)S + Vt +宾语+名词 eg:We named our baby Tom.
常用于这字词的动词有:call, find, make, name等。
2)S + Vt +宾语+形容词 eg:He painted the wall white.
常用于这字词的动词有:cut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash等。
3)S + Vt +宾语+介词短语 eg:I often find him at work .
4)S + Vt +宾语+不定式 eg:I wish you to stay.
常用于这字词的动词有:不定式带to的词:ask, invite, tell, want, warn, wish等。
不定式不带to的词:have, know, let, make, notice, see, watch等。
5)S + Vt +宾语+分词 eg:I heard my name called(表示被动).
I feel something moving(表示进行).
常用于这字词的动词有:notice, call, see, watch等。
6)S + Vt +宾语+疑问词+不定式 eg:He show me how to do it.
常用于这字词的动词有:ask, show, teach, tell等。